The Concept of Tawil (Interpretation) from the Perspective of Nasser Khosrow and Allameh Tabatabai in the Two Books of Vajhe Din and Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Associate Professor, Department of Religions and Mysticism, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

2 Ph. D. Student of Islamic Sufism and Mysticism, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran

Abstract

Extended Abstract
The present study compares the concept of interpretation and interpretivism from the point of view of Hakim Naser Khosrow Ghobadiani (391-484 AH) and Allameh Tabatabai (1281-1381 AH) in the two books of Vajhe Din and Al-Mizan fi Tafsir al-Quran using a descriptive-analytical method. Naser Khosrow, as an Ismaili authority and theologian, is influenced by the Ismailis in his thoughts and ideas and has translated and explained the teachings of the Holy Qur'an, Sunnah, and other thoughts in the form of Ismaili views. He considers the Holy Qur'an to have an appearance and depth and believes that one who does not know the interpretation of the Holy Qur'an and the Shari'a will go astray. Naser Khosrow considers interpretation not only in similar verses but in all verses of the Holy Qur'an and even interprets the verses of the rulings, which are about the Shari'a and the divine rules and limits, contrary to the appearance of the verses. He has exaggerated in his interpretation and has unjustly used the incorrect interpretation in the verses of Al-Ahkam in the book Vajhe Din. He presents the depth as more honorable than the appearance and considers the book and the Shari'a worthless without interpretation.
Explaining the importance of interpretation and the search for hidden meanings in his works, Naser Khosrow considers human grace and honor over other beings in knowing the ‘meaning covered by the appearance of things’- which is the same as interpretation. On the other hand, Allameh Tabatabai, who is a Shiite commentator of the Twelve Imams (AS), considers the interpretation to be correct based on the Holy Qur'an and Sunnah and believes that a correct interpretation does not contradict the appearance of the verses. 
His interpretations are consistent with the meanings of the Holy Qur'an. He has never interpreted a verse contrary to its appearance. He argues for religious appearances and considers the method of correct interpretation to be the interpretation from the Holy Qur'an to the Holy Qur'an, which is the method of the Imams (AS). Allamah in Al-Mizan also considers interpretation in the whole of the Holy Qur'an. Despite this belief, he did not interpret the verses of Al-Ahkam (which are about 500 verses) at all in Al-Mizan and considers the place of discussion in the book of jurisprudence and not interpretation. According to Allameh, the interpretation is praiseworthy and permissible without any problems. He does not like and does not use the interpretation that is contrary to the appearance of the verses. But Naser Khosrow's Vajhe Din is full of misinterpretations and oppositions to the appearance because he sacrifices the appearance to the inside and considers only the inside. His interpretations are outside the rules of a correct interpretation since they are contrary to the appearance, which is not following Allameh's opinion.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

References
- Awani, Gh. (1997).  Naser Khosrow Ghobadiani’s Vajhe din. Tehran: Iranian Philosophy Association.
- Forouzanfar, B. Z. (1982). Masnavi Hadiths. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publication.
- Ghobadiani, N. Kh. (n.d). Naser Khosrow Ghobadiani’s Vajhe din. Tehran: Tahoori Publication.
- Ghobadiani, N. Kh. (n.d). Zadolmasafarin. Tehran: Tahoori Publication.
- Ghorashi, S. A. A. (1992). Dictionary of the Qur'an. Tehran: Islamic Publication.
- Hansberger, A. C. (2001). Naser Khosrow Lal Badakhshan. Translated by Fereydoon Badraei. Tehran: Farzan Rooz Publishing and Research.
- Hodgson, M. (1990). Ismaili Sect. Translated by Fereydoun Badrahai. Tehran: Islamic Revolution Publishing and Education Organization.
- Ibn Faris, A. (1990). Dictionary of Language Comparisons. Beirut: Islamic House.
- Ibn Manzoor, M. I. M. (1993). Lesan Al-Arab. Beirut: Dar Sader.
- Jorjani, S. Sh. A. M. (1998). Definitions. Translated by Hassan Seyed Arab and Sima Nourbakhsh. Tehran: Farzan Rooz Publication.
- Khorramshahi, B. (1993). Quranic Studies (Seventy Quranic Discussions and Researches). Tehran: Mashreq Cultural Publishing Center. 
- Maarefat, M. H. (2000). Interpretation from the Point of View of Allameh Tabatabai in Tafsir Al-Mizan. Ghabsat Magazine, 17, 105-115.
- Minavi, M., & Mohaghegh, M. (Eds.) (1978). Naser Khosrow Ghobadiani’s Poetry Divan. Tehran: McGill University Institute of Studies, Tehran Branch.
- Moin, M., & Carbon, H. (Eds.) (1984). Naser Khosrow Ghobadiani’s Jame Al-Hikmatin. Tehran: Tahoori Publication.
- Nafisi, S. (Ed.) (1984).  Naser Khosrow Ghobadiani’s Opening and Releasing. Tehran: Jami Publication.
- Nazari, J. (2004). Naser Khosrow and His Thought. Shiraz: Shiraz University Publishing Center.
- Rouhani, R. (2002). Quran and Its Interpretation from Naser Khosrow's Point of View. Quarterly Journal of Islamic Studies (Kashan University), 58, 69-94.
- Sharifi Mal Amiri, F. (2018). Comparison of the Intellectual Trajectory, Stylistics and Life Period of Naser Khosrow and Sanai Ghaznavi and Comparison of the Common Ode of Two Poets with the Views of Two Poets. (n.p). The First Conference on the Best Scientific Writings of Islamic Humanities, Allameh Jafari Special Award.
- Siouti, J. (1997). Atqan in the Sciences of the Qur'an. Research by Abu Al-Fadl Ibrahim. Beirut: Maktab Al-Asriya.
- Tabatabai, S. M. H. (1993). Al-Mizan Fi Tafsir Al-Quran. Beirut: Scientific Foundation for Publications. 
- Tabatabai, S. M. H. (1999).  Translation of Tafsir Al-Mizan. Translated by Seyyed Mohammad Baqir Mousavi Hamedani. Qom: Islamic Publications Office.
- Tabatabai, S. M. H. (2006).  Shia in Islam. (n.p).
- Taghavi, S. N. (Ed.) (1929). Naser Khosrow Ghobadiani’s Poetry Divan. Tehran: Golshan Publication.
- The Holy Quran.
Software:
- Islamic Mysticism Software 3. Noor Islamic Computer Science Research Center (Noorsoft).
- Comprehensive Interpretation Software. Noor Islamic Computer Science Research Center (Noorsoft).

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics